2021非全日制研究生考研英语二真题及答案解析（一）

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, Cor D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

　　Its not difficult to set targets for staff . It is much harder,　1　,to understand their negative consequences. Most work-related behaviors have multiple components.　2　one and the others become distorted.

Travel on a London bus and youll　3　see how this works with drivers. Watch people get on and show their tickets. Are they carefully inspected? Never. Do people get on without paying? Of course ! Are there inspectors to　4　that people have paid? Possibly, but very few. And people who run for the bus? They are　5　. How about jumping lights? Buses do so almost as frequently ascyclists. Why? Because the target is　6　. People complained that buses were late and infrequent.　7　, the number of buses and bus lanes were increased, and drivers were　8　or punished according to the time they took. And drivers hit these targets. But they　9　hit cyclists. If the target was changed to　10　, you would have more inspectors and more sensitive pricing. If the criterion changed to safety, you would get more　11　drivers who obeyed traffic laws. But both these criteria would be at the expense oftime.

　　Thereisanother　12　:peoplebecameimmenselyinventiveinhittingtargets.

　　Haveyou　13　thatyoucanleaveonaflightanhourlatebutstillarriveontime?Tailwinds?

　　Ofcoursenot!Airlines have simply changed the timea　14　is meant to take. A one-hour

　　fight is now ballad as a two-hourflight.

　　The　15　of the story is simple. Most jobs are multidimensional, with multiple criteria.

　　Choose one criterion and you may well　16　others. Everything Can be done fasterand

　　madecheaper, but there is a　17　. Setting targets can and does have unforeseen negativeconsequences.

This is not an argument against target-setting. But it is an argument for exploring consequences first. All good targets should have multiple criteria　18　critical factors such as time, money, quality and customer feedback. The trick is not only to　19　just one or even two dimensions of the objective, but also to understand how to help people better　20　theobjective.

1. [A] therefore	[B] however	[C] agai	[D] moreover
2 .[A] Emphasize	[B] Identify	[C] Asse	[D] Explai
3. [A] nearly	[B] curiously	[C] eagerly	[D] quickly
4. [A] claim	[B] prove	[C] check	[D] recall
5. [A] threatened	[B] ignored	[C] mocked	[D] blamed
6. [A] punctuality	[B] hospitality	[C] competitio	[D] innovatio
7. [A] Ye	[B] So	[C] Beside	[D] Still
8. [A] hired	[B] trained	[C] rewarded	[D] grouped
9. [A] only	[B] rather	[C] once	[D] also
10. [A] comfort	[B]revenue	[C] efficiency	[D] security
11. [A] friendly	[B] quiet	[C] cautiou	[D] diligent
12. [A] purpose	[B] problem	[C] prejudice	[D] policy
13. [A] reported	[B] revealed	[C] admitted	[D] noticed
14. [A] break	[B] trip	[C] departure	[D] transfer
15. [A] moral	[B] background	[C] style	[D] form
16. [A] interpret	[B] criticize	[C] sacrifice	[D] tolerate
17. [A] task	[B]secret	[C] product	[D] cast
18. [A] leading to	[B] calling for	[C] relating to	[D] accounting for
19. [A] specify	[B] predict	[C] restore	[D] create
20. [A] modify	[B]review	[C] present	[D]achieve